Powdered Sugar
Powdered sugar (confectioners' sugar) weighs only 120g per cup due to its fine texture and added cornstarch (about 3%). Always sift before measuring for consistent results. Unsifted powdered sugar can weigh up to 140g per cup due to clumping. Powdered sugar cannot be substituted 1:1 for granulated sugar in baking as it dissolves differently and changes texture.
02 // FULL CONVERSION TABLE
03 // WHY IT MATTERS
If your cookies spread, your bread is gummy, or your cake sinks — flour weight is usually why.
A scooped cup of flour can weigh anywhere from 125g to 180g. That's a 44% range — enough to wreck a cake.
Modern recipes use the spoon-and-level method: fluff the flour, spoon it into a dry measuring cup without packing, then sweep flat with a knife.
The scoop method — pushing the cup directly into the bag — packs in 40-50% more flour.