Ketchup
Ketchup weighs 240g per cup. About 60% tomato concentrate, 25% sugar, vinegar, and spices — not the same as tomato sauce, despite the color. Useful as a binder in meatloaf (¼ cup per 500g meat) and a glaze for ribs (mixed with brown sugar and Worcestershire). Substitute for tomato paste with 2 tablespoons ketchup + 1 tablespoon water per tablespoon paste, but adjust salt and sugar elsewhere. Refrigerate after opening; lasts 6+ months.
02 // FULL CONVERSION TABLE
03 // WHY IT MATTERS
If your cookies spread, your bread is gummy, or your cake sinks — flour weight is usually why.
A scooped cup of flour can weigh anywhere from 125g to 180g. That's a 44% range — enough to wreck a cake.
Modern recipes use the spoon-and-level method: fluff the flour, spoon it into a dry measuring cup without packing, then sweep flat with a knife.
The scoop method — pushing the cup directly into the bag — packs in 40-50% more flour.